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Because laying pavement the full width of the roadway in a single pass is not often possible, a single lane is poured, then another, creating seams between the lanes (also called longitudinal joints).
An untreated seam will allow water channeling, which may widen and crack the pavement seam. Similar to concrete expansion joints, cracking asphalt seams may allow water infiltration between the pavement segments, which can damage the seams, roadway surface, and base over time.